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Wi-fi and RFID used for tracking
May 25, 2007
 Wireless tracking systems could be used to protect patients
in hospitals and students on campuses, backers of the technology said.
The combination of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags
and wi-fi allows real-time tracking of objects or people inside a wireless network.
Angelo Lamme, from Motorola, said tracking students
on a campus could help during a fire or an emergency.
"You would know where your people are at any given moment,"
he said.
Marcus Birkl, head of wireless at
Siemens, said location tracking of assets or people was one of the biggest incentives for companies, hospitals and education
institutions to roll out wi-fi networks.
Both firms were at The Wireless Event, in London, this week selling new
products in the area of so-called real-time location services.
Siemens is pushing a complete system, developed
with Finnish firm Ekahau, which can track objects or people.
Battery powered
Battery-powered RFID
tags are placed on an asset and they communicate with at least three wireless access points inside the network to triangulate
a location.
There needs to be standards put in place so the data is not abused for other purposes
Marcus Birkl, head of wireless at Siemens
Mr Birkl said: "The tags have a piece of software on them and
they detect the signal strength of different access points.
"This information is sent back to the server
and it then models the movement of the tag depending on the shift in signal strength detected."
For the system
to work, the building or area that has been deployed with a wireless network needs to have been mapped and calibrated.
To effectively locate objects a wireless access point is needed every 30 metres and Siemens said it was able to pinpoint
assets to within a metre of their actual position.
Mr Birkl said: "It's very useful for the health care
industry - where there are highly expensive pieces of mobile equipment that move around a hospital.
"At every
point in the day health staff need to know where it is."
The system can also be used to track wi-fi equipped
devices, such as laptops, tablet PCs and wi-fi enabled phones.
"You can record movements over a period of
time. You can see if the security guard in the night makes the right rounds, for example," said Mr Birkl.
He
added: "You can set certain boundaries and parameters. If a certain device enters or leaves an area it could trigger
an alarm." 
'More popular'
As wi-fi becomes more popular in schools, the technology could also be used to track
students.
"It has to be aligned with the understanding of the people who are tracked," said Mr Birkl.
There have been privacy concerns expressed in some quarters about RFID tags, especially around the possible use
of tags on shopping goods to monitor consumer spending habits.
RFID supporters have pointed out that the tags
cannot be read at a great distance, but combining the technology with wi-fi raises the possibility of remote tracking.
Tags on products are typically passive - they have no power source and are only activated when read by a scanner in
close proximity. These tags contain only an identifying number and can be small enough to embed in a sheet of paper.
But the tags used in conjunction with a wi-fi network have to be active - they need a power source and have software installed
on them that communicates with the wireless access points.
The tags, therefore, are larger in size, and currently
are impractical for use on anything other than high value consumer goods or, potentially, on people.
"There
needs to be standards put in place so the data is not abused for other purposes," said Mr Birkl.
He added:
"But there are clear benefits to keeping people safe."
More than half of respondents to a recent pan-Europe consultation on RFID said regulations were
needed to police the use of tags.
Source: BBC NEWS
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